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A Synergy of the One and the Many:
Governance in the Eastern Catholic Patriarchal Churches

by Chorbishop John D. Faris

In the election of a bishop for a specific office, an absolute majority is required for the first three ballotings; the fourth balloting votes are cast only for the two candidates who had received the most votes in the third balloting (c. 183).

If the one elected has already received the assent of the Roman pontiff and accepts the election, the Apostolic See is to be notified of the election and proclamation (c. 184). If the one elected has not received the assent of the Roman pontiff, the patriarch is to seek the assent from the Roman pontiff (c. 185).

The Code of Canons provides for the possibility of the election of a bishop by letter after consultation with the Apostolic See (c. 186).

Election of Candidates for Office

In the case of an eparchial, coadjutor or auxiliary bishop outside the territorial boundaries of the patriarchal church, the synod of bishops, observing the procedures for the election of bishops, elects at least three candidates. The patriarch submits this list to the Roman pontiff for appointment (c. 149). It should be noted that the Roman pontiff is not restricted to choosing one of the proposed candidates for the appointment.

Conclusion

In the civil sphere, all this is treated in terms of a “balance of power” or “checks and balances,” an appropriate context to prevent the abuse of power and the protection of minorities. Any discussion of the use of power in the church must take place within the context of “If anyone wants to be first, he must make himself last of all and servant of all.” (Mark 9:35)

NOTES

1The patriarchal churches (Armenian, Chaldean, Coptic, Greek-Melkite, Maronite, Syriac) enjoy the highest degree of autonomy, including the power to elect their own bishops (within the territory of their patriarchal churches) and their own patriarchs. These churches enjoy the highest degree of autonomy; their governance is articulated in CCEO cc. 55-150.

It should be noted that here are other Eastern Catholic churches that are not of patriarchal status.

The major archiepiscopal churches (Romanian, Syro-Malabar, Syro-Malankara and Ukrainian) are for the most part canonically equated with the patriarchal churches (see CCEO cc. 151-154) with the exception that the election of the major archbishop must be confirmed by the Roman pontiff.

The metropolitan churches (Ethiopian and Ruthenian) have further restrictions imposed on the authority of their hierarchy (see CCEO cc. 155-173). For example, three candidates for the office of metropolitan are proposed by the council of hierarchs to the Roman pontiff, who makes the appointment. Further, legislation of the council of hierarchs cannot be promulgated without official reception on the part of the Apostolic See.

There is a fourth category, vaguely designated as other churches, that includes all those churches that, because of a variety of circumstances, have a limited degree of self-governing authority. These churches include the Albanian, Belarussian, Bulgarian, Greek, Hungarian, Krizevci, Italo Byzantine, Russian, and Slovak churches. Canons 174-176 generally provide for the governance of these churches.





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